mục nát

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The Vietnamese word "mục nát" means "rotten," "decayed," or "corrupt." It is often used to describe something that has deteriorated over time, either physically (like food or wood) or morally (like a person's character or system).

Basic Usage:

• Physical Meaning: You can use "mục nát" to describe food that has gone bad or wood that has decayed due to moisture.

  • Example: "Cái táo này mục nát rồi." (This apple is rotten.)

• Moral or Ethical Meaning: It can also describe something that has become corrupt or morally degraded.

  • Example: "Hệ thống này đã mục nát." (This system has become corrupt.)

Advanced Usage:

In more complex sentences, "mục nát" can be used to discuss situations or conditions, often in a metaphorical sense. - Example: "Chúng ta cần cải cách để không cho xã hội này tiếp tục mục nát." (We need reforms to prevent this society from continuing to decay.)

Word Variants:

• Mục nát hóa: This variant means "to decay" or "to rot." You can use it to describe the process.
  • Example: "Thực phẩm sẽ mục nát hóa nếu không được bảo quản đúng cách." (Food will decay if not stored properly.)

Different Meanings:

While "mục nát" primarily refers to physical and moral decay, it can also imply a broader sense of failure or deterioration in various contexts, such as relationships or projects.

Synonyms:

• Thối: Another word for "rotten," which is often used interchangeably with "mục nát."

  • Example: "Cái bánh này thối." (This cake is rotten.)

• Hỏng: Means "broken" or "damaged," which can be used in some contexts where "mục nát" might also apply.

  • Example: "Cái ghế này hỏng rồi." (This chair is broken.)

Summary:

"Mục nát" is a versatile word that describes not only physical decay but also moral corruption. It can be used in both everyday conversation and more sophisticated discussions about societal issues.

Academic

1. Rotten, decayed
2. Corrupt